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| Midway Manufacturing Co. v. Artic International, Inc. ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Midway Manufacturing Co. v. Artic International, Inc.
''Midway Manufacturing Co. v. Artic International, Inc.'', 547 F. Supp. 999 (N.D. Ill. 1982), is a court case in which the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois held that aspects of a video arcade game were copyrightable even though the images that appeared on the screen were transient. The case was affirmed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, 704 F.2d 1009 (7th Cir. 1983).
==Facts==
The plaintiff, Midway Manufacturing sued defendant Artic International, Inc. for allegedly infringing copyrights on two of its video arcade games, Pac-Man and Galaxian. Artic was accused of infringing for sale of a "speed-up kit", consisting of a separate set of ROM chips,〔Barbara B. Caretto, Copyright Infringement of Video Games: When the Chips Are Down, 5 Loy. L.A. Ent. L. Rev. 132 (1985). Available at: ()〕 that would modify the Galaxian game. Midway also challenged Artic for producing the circuit board for a video game called "Puckman." Artic's defense was that Midway's video games were not "fixed in any tangible medium of expression," as required for copyright protection under U.S. law. 17 U.S.C. § 102(a)〔(US CODE: Title 17,102. Subject matter of copyright: In general )〕 Specifically, Artic claimed that the ROM chips in the Midway games never held pictures in any fixed medium, but rather contained instructions to generate pictures that were not themselves fixed. Additionally, Artic pointed to legislative history wherein a Committee Report〔H.R. Rep. No. 94-1476 94th Cong., 2d Sess. 53〕 said that "evanescent or transient reproductions . . . shown electronically on (screen ) or captured momentarily in the 'memory' of a computer" were not protected under the definition of "fixation" as required for copyrightability.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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